The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race
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- Create Date：2021-03-08 04:27:17
- Update Date：2025-09-06
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- Author：Walter Isaacson
- ISBN：1982115858
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Summary
The bestselling author of Leonardo da Vinci and Steve Jobs returns with a gripping account of how Nobel Prize winner Jennifer Doudna and her colleagues launched a revolution that will allow us to cure diseases， fend off viruses， and have healthier babies。
When Jennifer Doudna was in sixth grade， she came home one day to find that her dad had left a paperback titled The Double Helix on her bed。 She put it aside， thinking it was one of those detective tales she loved。 When she read it on a rainy Saturday， she discovered she was right， in a way。 As she sped through the pages， she became enthralled by the intense drama behind the competition to discover the code of life。 Even though her high school counselor told her girls didn’t become scientists， she decided she would。
Driven by a passion to understand how nature works and to turn discoveries into inventions， she would help to make what the book’s author， James Watson， told her was the most important biological advance since his co-discovery of the structure of DNA。 She and her collaborators turned a curiosity of nature into an invention that will transform the human race: an easy-to-use tool that can edit DNA。 Known as CRISPR， it opened a brave new world of medical miracles and moral questions。
The development of CRISPR and the race to create vaccines for coronavirus will hasten our transition to the next great innovation revolution。 The past half-century has been a digital age， based on the microchip， computer， and internet。 Now we are entering a life-science revolution。 Children who study digital coding will be joined by those who study genetic code。
Should we use our new evolution-hacking powers to make us less susceptible to viruses？ What a wonderful boon that would be！ And what about preventing depression？ Hmmm…Should we allow parents， if they can afford it， to enhance the height or muscles or IQ of their kids？
After helping to discover CRISPR， Doudna became a leader in wrestling with these moral issues and， with her collaborator Emmanuelle Charpentier， won the Nobel Prize in 2020。 Her story is a thrilling detective tale that involves the most profound wonders of nature， from the origins of life to the future of our species。
When Jennifer Doudna was in sixth grade， she came home one day to find that her dad had left a paperback titled The Double Helix on her bed。 She put it aside， thinking it was one of those detective tales she loved。 When she read it on a rainy Saturday， she discovered she was right， in a way。 As she sped through the pages， she became enthralled by the intense drama behind the competition to discover the code of life。 Even though her high school counselor told her girls didn’t become scientists， she decided she would。
Driven by a passion to understand how nature works and to turn discoveries into inventions， she would help to make what the book’s author， James Watson， told her was the most important biological advance since his co-discovery of the structure of DNA。 She and her collaborators turned a curiosity of nature into an invention that will transform the human race: an easy-to-use tool that can edit DNA。 Known as CRISPR， it opened a brave new world of medical miracles and moral questions。
The development of CRISPR and the race to create vaccines for coronavirus will hasten our transition to the next great innovation revolution。 The past half-century has been a digital age， based on the microchip， computer， and internet。 Now we are entering a life-science revolution。 Children who study digital coding will be joined by those who study genetic code。
Should we use our new evolution-hacking powers to make us less susceptible to viruses？ What a wonderful boon that would be！ And what about preventing depression？ Hmmm…Should we allow parents， if they can afford it， to enhance the height or muscles or IQ of their kids？
After helping to discover CRISPR， Doudna became a leader in wrestling with these moral issues and， with her collaborator Emmanuelle Charpentier， won the Nobel Prize in 2020。 Her story is a thrilling detective tale that involves the most profound wonders of nature， from the origins of life to the future of our species。
Reviews
Beth
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Clear and easy to follow account of the career of Nobel Prize-winner Jennifer Doudna who， along with her team， figured out how to employ CRISPR technology to edit genes。 Her discoveries had a direct impact on developing the new RNA vaccines， including those for COVID。 Isaacson's work exposes the struggle of women in science， competition （as well as cooperation） in research， the intersection of research and industry/business， and the ethical and evolutionary implications of gene editing technolog Clear and easy to follow account of the career of Nobel Prize-winner Jennifer Doudna who， along with her team， figured out how to employ CRISPR technology to edit genes。 Her discoveries had a direct impact on developing the new RNA vaccines， including those for COVID。 Isaacson's work exposes the struggle of women in science， competition （as well as cooperation） in research， the intersection of research and industry/business， and the ethical and evolutionary implications of gene editing technology。The material in this book is accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of biology。 。。。more
Vimal Kumar
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Amazing！ This book follows the life of Jennifer Doudna and journey of CRISPR research。 Wonderfully detailed。It is breathtaking to know that the work of so many people has lead to the marvels of modern day medicine and health care technologies。Its an incredible book。 Highly recommended。I have read Einstein and Steve Jobs books by Walter Isaacson， like always incredibly detailed and gives you an good understanding of the field as well。Hoping to read all the works of Walter Isaacson。 I wonder if th Amazing！ This book follows the life of Jennifer Doudna and journey of CRISPR research。 Wonderfully detailed。It is breathtaking to know that the work of so many people has lead to the marvels of modern day medicine and health care technologies。Its an incredible book。 Highly recommended。I have read Einstein and Steve Jobs books by Walter Isaacson， like always incredibly detailed and gives you an good understanding of the field as well。Hoping to read all the works of Walter Isaacson。 I wonder if the biography of Walter Isaacson will be as detailed as his works。 。。。more
Megan Dormoy
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Walter Isaacson does NOT disappoint with his meticulously researched narrative on the journey from DNA to RNA to CRISPR， and the village of scientists that made it happen。 While this novel centered mostly around Dr。 Jennifer Doudna and her contributions to gene editing - Walter Isaacson did not focus directly on her （dissimilar to his past biographies on Da Vinci & Jobs ）。 Because of that， this book felt less like a biography on Doudna specifically， and more like a history of how gene editing ca Walter Isaacson does NOT disappoint with his meticulously researched narrative on the journey from DNA to RNA to CRISPR， and the village of scientists that made it happen。 While this novel centered mostly around Dr。 Jennifer Doudna and her contributions to gene editing - Walter Isaacson did not focus directly on her （dissimilar to his past biographies on Da Vinci & Jobs ）。 Because of that， this book felt less like a biography on Doudna specifically， and more like a history of how gene editing came into fruition and the medical advances that have occurred because of it。 Despite this， the story was fascinating， wonderfully written and easy to absorb - I found myself swept away and grateful for all of the incredible and insatiably curious scientific minds who worked on finding ways to implement gene editing for the greater good。 Thanks to the publisher， Simon & Schuster， and NetGalley for the advance copy of this book。 Would definitely recommend！ 。。。more
Kasa Cotugno
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This is the latest from Walter Isaacson whose limitless interest in so many subjects results in exceedingly well researched and interesting biographies。 I must admit finding that the quirky personalities he includes more interesting than the actual science writing which was so far over my head， it was totally inaccessible to me。 Yet， the personality of Jennifer Doudna， which occupies the central position， was fascinating， and I'm glad I read it。 This is the latest from Walter Isaacson whose limitless interest in so many subjects results in exceedingly well researched and interesting biographies。 I must admit finding that the quirky personalities he includes more interesting than the actual science writing which was so far over my head， it was totally inaccessible to me。 Yet， the personality of Jennifer Doudna， which occupies the central position， was fascinating， and I'm glad I read it。 。。。more
Marialyce （absltmom， yaya）
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I have loved all the three books that I was fortunate enough to read by Walter Issacson from Einstein， The Innovators， to Steve Job， this author was able to enthrall me with the main topics he chose to share and write of。 However， sad to say， his new book on Jennifer Doudna entitled The Code Breaker really left me feeling disappointed and let down。 Wondering why this was， I will preface this that there was a huge amount of science， very technical science which did bog down the story。 Now， I do I have loved all the three books that I was fortunate enough to read by Walter Issacson from Einstein， The Innovators， to Steve Job， this author was able to enthrall me with the main topics he chose to share and write of。 However， sad to say， his new book on Jennifer Doudna entitled The Code Breaker really left me feeling disappointed and let down。 Wondering why this was， I will preface this that there was a huge amount of science， very technical science which did bog down the story。 Now， I do realize the importance of this science particularly as we are combating a pandemic， but at times I felt the author tried to immerse himself inferring how smart he was to truly understand and compete with these scientists and researchers。 I certainly am not saying that Issacson is not a brilliant man， but his repetition of sections of the tale often made for that horrid sense of boredom to set in。The other thing that annoyed me by the end was that I knew nothing about Dr Doudna， a winner with her former coworker of the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2020。 Her finding of the CRISPR-Cas9 ， along with its cofounder， Emmanuelle Marie Charpentier， opened up brand-new avenues that science can readily travel into a "brave" new world， one where genetically modified DNA was shown and where both the biology， chemistry， engineering， and ethics come into play。 I learned much about the science and Jennifer's education， but little of the women。 I wanted to be let in on her home life。 How did he balance all she did， the research， the traveling， the supervision of many with the demands of being a wife and a mother？ We got a brief look into her formative years but I wanted more。 How did she relate to her siblings and what exactly was her relationship with her father？ （it was hinted at that there were some issues there） In reality， I was looking for the personal to be the main thrust of the book。It's a long story， where a plethora of scientists， doctoral students， post-doctoral candidates， engineers and so forth are presented and it's not that I think these men and women do not deserve their moments， but it tended to cloudy up the telling。In all， it takes commitment to read this book and I have a feeling that its reception will not be the one that this author has received previously in his wonderful works。 Sad to say， this is not something I would heartily recommend and one I would caution the reader to be ready to be at times overwhelmed and needing a pause in its reading。Thank you to NetGalley for a copy of this book due out March 9， 2021Jan and I took on this massive book about Jennifer Doudna， and while we were very interested in some of the story， there were parts that seemed overloaded and repetitive。 Without her science background， I would have been lost in some of the detail， but thankfully Jan was able to fill in the gaps。 This book will attract people who are interested in science and those who were very interested in discovering the science behind the vaccine for today's pandemic， Covid， possibly eliminating this disease and providing hope for the future through gene editing。 It is definitely a brave new world being thrust upon us and the challenges will be many。 Once again thanks to my dear friend， Jan， for without her guidance， I would have been left not knowing as much about this important and fascinating work。 As Jan has mentioned， there are not enough stars for the work and dedication of the science community making such discoveries and moving mankind forward。 。。。more
JanB
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3。5 starsUntil 2020， only five women， beginning with Marie Curie in 1911， had won a Nobel for chemistry。 But 2020 was the year it went to two women， Jennifer Doudna and French colleague Emmanuelle Charpentier， for the development of CRISPR， a gene editing technology。 Isaacson hones in on Doudna and Charpentier， but he also highlights others in the scientific community whose work led the way and contributed to this new discovery。 Some of the more interesting chapters deals with biohackers， rivalr 3。5 starsUntil 2020， only five women， beginning with Marie Curie in 1911， had won a Nobel for chemistry。 But 2020 was the year it went to two women， Jennifer Doudna and French colleague Emmanuelle Charpentier， for the development of CRISPR， a gene editing technology。 Isaacson hones in on Doudna and Charpentier， but he also highlights others in the scientific community whose work led the way and contributed to this new discovery。 Some of the more interesting chapters deals with biohackers， rivalries， patents， and the personality quirks of the major players， as well as the use of the current technology and it’s ethical implications。 With the interesting bits， there was a very heavy emphasis on the science。 Too heavy in my opinion。 I have a degree in science and still found myself skimming through some of the more dense material。 I fear that due to this unfortunate tendency of the author’s， this book will hold limited appeal。 In addition， there’s a lot of repetition with the same information and stories told over and over。 Finally， the author tends to insert himself into the narrative too much， adding little value。 For the above reasons I would recommend this book only with reservations。 I’m glad I read it， but I think it would be an even more powerful book had it been condensed and edited。 But onto more of the good…。With the Covid-19 pandemic， the significance of CRISPR is more vital than ever。 This is the technology that was used to develop Covid tests and more importantly， the Covid vaccine， which was developed so quickly because the groundwork for it was already in place after decades of research。 Instead of the usual competition and closely guarded work， there was global cooperation。 It was encouraging to see rivalries set aside in the midst of a global health crisis。Along with the usefulness of this technology in fighting Covid， these scientific advances comes ethical questions。 Few would argue developing the use of gene editing to treat or prevent diseases such as cancer， sickle cell anemia， Tay-Sachs， Huntington’s chorea， cystic fibrosis， and mental illness。 But where do we draw the line and who gets to choose where that line is？ Should parents be able to choose the gender， skin color， height， and intelligence， along with other ‘desirable” traits of their children？ Would we eliminate the diversity and traits that have led to the genius of Einstein， Mozart， Isaac Newton， Michelangelo， Steve Jobs， Tolstoy？ We aren’t there quite yet， but there’s already differences of opinion。 These are the questions that future generations will have to answer and consider the implications。 This book highlights the importance of scientific inquiry， research， and the practical real-world use of these advances。 No one could have predicted how the world would be impacted in 2020/21 from the discoveries of DNA， mRNA， and CRISPr。 Science has always been a collaboration that endures through the ages， from Darwin and Mendel to Watson and Crick to Doudna and Charpentier。 “At the end of the day， the discoveries are what endure，” Charpentier says。 “We are just passing on this planet for a short time。 We do our job， and then we leave and others pick up the work。”I hope this book will inspire and encourage more young women to go into the sciences， specifically research。3。5 stars: 5+ stars for the science community， including Doudna and Charpentier。 2 stars for the extraneous information in telling the story。 •tThis was a buddy read with my friend Marialyce， and while we both had reservations with the way the story was told， it inspired many thoughtful discussions。•tI received a digital copy of this book from NetGalley in exchange for an honest review。 Publication date is March 9， 2021 by Simon & Schuster 。。。more
Phil O'Flynn
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Ula
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If you have any interest in science at all， you've probably heard about CRISPR technology， but as it is a very recent discovery， there are not many books on this topic。 In "Code Breaker" you will find all the details about this exciting discovery and its aftermath。 I think that is the most interesting aspect of this book， however， it does not entirely justify its volume。 Of course also interesting is the story of the book's heroine， Nobel Prize winner Jennifer Doudna。 There are still too few wom If you have any interest in science at all， you've probably heard about CRISPR technology， but as it is a very recent discovery， there are not many books on this topic。 In "Code Breaker" you will find all the details about this exciting discovery and its aftermath。 I think that is the most interesting aspect of this book， however， it does not entirely justify its volume。 Of course also interesting is the story of the book's heroine， Nobel Prize winner Jennifer Doudna。 There are still too few women in science， so I am always happy with celebrating their accomplishments and creating role models for girls。 Alas， I am not a fan of Walter Isaacson's style。 I've found this biography too dry and superficial。 I couldn’t imagine prof。 Doudna as a real， alive human being nor understand how exactly her work looks like。 It's a pity because I am truly interested in science and I love reading about the realities of lab work。 Nonetheless， I think that people who liked previous books of this author will find this one also to their liking。Thanks to the publisher， Simon & Schuster， and NetGalley for the advance copy of this book。 。。。more
Carla （happiestwhenreading）
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First of all， Walter Isaacson is the master of writing biographies that are interesting， easy to understand， and make for an enjoying reading experience。 I LOVED his book about Steve Jobs， and though his books are loooong， I can’t seem to put them down。I was a little hesitant that The Code Breaker was going to be over my head。 In it， Isaacson introduces us to Jennifer Doudna， the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize winner for her efforts in discovering ways to fight diseases of all kinds， but especially the First of all， Walter Isaacson is the master of writing biographies that are interesting， easy to understand， and make for an enjoying reading experience。 I LOVED his book about Steve Jobs， and though his books are loooong， I can’t seem to put them down。I was a little hesitant that The Code Breaker was going to be over my head。 In it， Isaacson introduces us to Jennifer Doudna， the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize winner for her efforts in discovering ways to fight diseases of all kinds， but especially the coronavirus。 While it was very science-y at times， Isaacson made sure I was never entirely lost and I’m surprised at how much I actually feel like I gained in terms of scientific information。 The discoveries set forth in this book are life-changing for all of humanity and it was quite interesting to read about。When I picked this book up， I wanted to supplement a book I read at the end of 2020， Apollo’s Arrow: The Profound and Enduring Impact of Coronavirus on the Way We Live by Nicholas A。 Christakis。 That book gave me a good sense of how coronovirus developed and spread around the world， whereas The Code Breaker helped me understand the way scientist are trying to fight back against the virus。 By now， we’re all aware that the vaccine developed to fight off COVID-19 uses new technology that hasn’t ever been used before， and that was also a huge motivating factor in my wanting to read this book。 It talks a great deal about this new medical advancement， so if you’re curious in any way about that， I highly recommend you read this book！I am always in such awe of scientists and their incredible minds。 My brain just doesn’t work in a science-y （or mathematical） way。 Even when things are explained in rudimentary terms， my mind is still too blown away to grasp what is being said （ie: the concept of infinity…whaaaaaat？）。The biggest complaint I have about this book is its focus on a whole cast of characters！ While I know they’re all central to the story of Doudna and her discoveries， I’m not sure the in-depth look into some of it was entirely necessary。 For this reason， the book didn’t read as submersively as Steve Jobs’ book did， but I still highly recommend if this is a topic that even remotely interests you！ 。。。more
Stuart
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Thank you Net Gallery for providing me with an advance copy of this book。 Strongly recommend that you have a moderate understanding of genetics to appreciate how important the invention of CRISPR is。 This is a brilliant book and i highly recommend it
Literary Redhead
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Isaacson is a biographer’s biographer and THE CODE BREAKER shows why his books totally absorb us。 He has a way of revealing absorbing truth about his subjects — in this case， biochemist and gene scientist Jennifer Doudna， winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize for the revolutionary DNA-editing tool called CRISPR。 Jennifer’s father gave her a copy of The Double Helix when she was six， sparking her keen interest in gene research。 Later its author， James Watson， said her CRISPR development was “the most im Isaacson is a biographer’s biographer and THE CODE BREAKER shows why his books totally absorb us。 He has a way of revealing absorbing truth about his subjects — in this case， biochemist and gene scientist Jennifer Doudna， winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize for the revolutionary DNA-editing tool called CRISPR。 Jennifer’s father gave her a copy of The Double Helix when she was six， sparking her keen interest in gene research。 Later its author， James Watson， said her CRISPR development was “the most important biological advance since his co-discovery of the structure of DNA。” I can only say， “Thank you！” to Jennifer as she races to apply her work to eliminating disease and viruses that include COVID。 Her life is a triumph。 So is THE CODE BREAKER！5 of 5 StarsPub Date 09 Mar 2021#TheCodeBreaker #NetGalleyThanks to the author， Simon & Schuster， and NetGalley for the ARC in exchange for my honest review。 。。。more
Patrick Pilz
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I just reviewed The Code Breaker by Walter Isaacson。 #NetGalley。 Walter Isaacson writes very special biographies。 He tells the life stories of others by not only describing the ways to peoples accomplishments and the milestone of their achievements， but with a lot of background on the actual sciences and its impact to society。It may be a little early to tell the story of Jennifer Doudna and the group that made gene editing happen， as in her late 50s， her story will certainly continue to be told。 I just reviewed The Code Breaker by Walter Isaacson。 #NetGalley。 Walter Isaacson writes very special biographies。 He tells the life stories of others by not only describing the ways to peoples accomplishments and the milestone of their achievements， but with a lot of background on the actual sciences and its impact to society。It may be a little early to tell the story of Jennifer Doudna and the group that made gene editing happen， as in her late 50s， her story will certainly continue to be told。 On the other hand， the story is urgent and current as she just has been awared the Nobel Price in Chemistry in 2020 and works on the forefront fighting the Covid-19 outbreak impacting all our lives。 Isaacsons view on Jennifer Doudna is on the impact she has on our lives， just like he did with Einstein， Steve Jobs and Leonardo DaVinci。 An important part of history， this one still in the making！ 。。。more
Aron
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Great story and writing。 It's more than a biography of a person， but also a biography of CRISPR and current gene editing technologies， promises and perils。 It was hard to put this book down。 This is the current science to be read。 Great story and writing。 It's more than a biography of a person， but also a biography of CRISPR and current gene editing technologies， promises and perils。 It was hard to put this book down。 This is the current science to be read。 。。。more
Alisa
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“Why else do we do science？ We do it to go after big questions and take on risks。 If you don’t try things， you’re never going to have a breakthrough。”[Thanks to Netgalley and Simon & Schuster for the exciting opportunity to review a Walter Isaacson biography before its release。] I have been intrigued by Isaacson’s meticulous research， narrative writing， and the ability to portray his subjects in a complex yet feeling way ever since I read his book on da Vinci。 These same talents are apparent in “Why else do we do science？ We do it to go after big questions and take on risks。 If you don’t try things， you’re never going to have a breakthrough。”[Thanks to Netgalley and Simon & Schuster for the exciting opportunity to review a Walter Isaacson biography before its release。] I have been intrigued by Isaacson’s meticulous research， narrative writing， and the ability to portray his subjects in a complex yet feeling way ever since I read his book on da Vinci。 These same talents are apparent in “The Code Breaker。” Though I find gene research and the future of gene editing technology fascinating， I admit that some of these concepts can be hard to follow。 Luckily， Isaacson carefully spells out the science starting from the basics of DNA， RNA， and enzymes， leading the reader from one scientific breakthrough to the next， including the discovery and implementation of CRISPR。Isaacson portrays Jennifer Doudna as a fascinating， driven， and highly-respected figure in the scientific community。 I enjoyed following Doudna’s journey through her academic career and her foray into the business world。 I also admired Doudna’s ideal to help change the world for the better; the possibility of diseases and viruses becoming eliminated through gene-editing is a stupendous breakthrough in science and human history。 With the current state of the world， of course， the significance of CRISPR is more vital than ever。 Though Doudna is the focus of this biography， I appreciated the fact that Isaacson took the time to review other individuals in the CRISPR field， including Doudna’s competitors and former colleagues。Perhaps my favorite part of the book was the section that deals with the moral implications of gene editing。 As Isaacson reflects， there is a difference between editing genes for treatment/prevention of diseases and enhancing them to produce desirable traits （eye color， height， intelligence， and so forth）。 At what point do we draw the line， and who decides if there is a line that cannot be crossed？ I enjoyed Isaacson's reflections on the diversity of human nature， and the positives of qualities that are often seen as detrimental （for instance， his argument that mental illnesses can lead to astounding creativity and works of art， such as in the case of Van Gogh）。 Would eliminating mental illness from the human gene pool， Isaacson asks， deprive the world of potential Van Goghs？ How much diversity and potential would we lose if we eradicated "less desirable" genes？ Moreover， do we have the right to “play God”？ Could gene editing lead to a loss of empathy and humility？ While this is a fascinating thought experiment， it is also astounding to think that future generations may have to answer these questions and face their implications。At its core， this book is about creativity， innovation， collaboration， and competition。 It illustrates humanity’s trials and endeavors to unravel the mysteries of nature – and to manipulate the very code of nature for the benefit of our species。 。。。more
Dr。 Been
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"One fundamental aspect of science will remain the same。 It has always been a collaboration across generations， from Darwin and Mendel to Watson and Crick to Doudna and Charpentier。"I simply have no words to express how much I loved this amazing and historically recorded book。 Walter Isaacson！ Sir， you have such a diverse taste in science， arts and literature。 The books narrates in a story-like manner， the journey from DNA to RNA and from RNA to CRISPR。 Science has never ceased to amaze mankind， "One fundamental aspect of science will remain the same。 It has always been a collaboration across generations， from Darwin and Mendel to Watson and Crick to Doudna and Charpentier。"I simply have no words to express how much I loved this amazing and historically recorded book。 Walter Isaacson！ Sir， you have such a diverse taste in science， arts and literature。 The books narrates in a story-like manner， the journey from DNA to RNA and from RNA to CRISPR。 Science has never ceased to amaze mankind， and it never will。 Being once related very closely to science， I thought I always stay updated with the ongoing research。 But how wrong I was。 This book uncovers， peel after peel， the wonders each lab， each scientist has performed to make it possible。 This past decade changes a lot for the mankind。 "This year's [Nobel] prize is about rewriting the code of life。" How beautiful。 And how magical。 This book has been so much to me; a refresher course of molecular biology， a reminder of my love for pipettes and PCR。 It took me back to the confusion of repeating an experiment and taking an innovation as an error。。。getting published， waiting for reviewers comments， learning that we finally are a step ahead， that eureka moment。 I would recommend this book to all those who love biology， science or even love mankind。 ❤ 。。。more
Tfalcone
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Thank you Net Galley for the free ARC。 Two lessons I have learned from this book: it takes a village to come up with scientific progress and science has become very commercial。 The best part was the idea of using CRISPR to make humans immune to Corona Virus。 Interesting that some viruses have evolved anti crispr genes。
Alice
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HOLA DICE CRISPR， ME LLAMARON？AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA SEÑORA QUIERO ESTO DIEZ MIL VECES
Nyamka Ganni
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